WHO CAN CATCH A LIAR?’, Ekman and O’Sullivan, 1991. Essay -- English L

WHO CAN induce A LIAR?, Ekman and OSullivan, 1991.What is the definition of lying or thence deception? Well deceptioncan be defined in many ways, but it was termed by Vrij (Vrij, 2000,p.6) as a successful or unsuccessful deliberate attempt, withoutforewarning, to create in another a belief, which the communicatorconsiders to be untrue.Telling lies is a daily life event, which varies in quite interwoven waysdepending on the situation the person is in and the person macrocosm liedto. People lie for all kinds of reasons. However half the lies areeither selforientated, and are therefore intended to make the prevaricatorappear better or to gain personal advantage (DePaulo et al., 1996). ego orientated lies consist of hatful lying in order to avertpunishment, to make a positive impression on others or to shelterthemselves. Some lies are otherorientated, to make another person regain better or for anothers benefit.How can you tell if person is lying to you? People generally belie vethat nonverbal cues to deception live and they know what these cuesare but how accurate are people at detecting lies?In laboratory studies concerning detection of deception, observers aregiven videotaped or audiotaped statements of various people who areeither lying or notification the truth. After each statement theparticipant is asked to judge whether the statement are true or false.In most studies reported, people have not been very good at judgingwhen people are lying. honest accuracy in detecting deceit has rarelybeen above 60% with 50% being chance and most people have performed under 50%.Studies revealed that in three separate experiments conducted by Krautand Poe (1980) DePaulo and Pfeifer (1986) and Ko... ...ussed in the leave section of the study, therefore thiscould be an area that could be further explored in the future.On the whole in conclusion, the study has established the extent towhich people are able to detect lies by observing physiologicalresponses. Mistak es in lie detection are inevitable, but perhaps withthe correct training, project and motivation we may becomespecialists in detecting lies. But is this contingent?.In my opinion in both theoretical and practical scathe this is a soundwork on a vital subject. Although way of life for further research is needed.REFERENCES----------Aldert Vrij, (2002) Telling and Detecting Lies chapter 4, in NicolaBrace and Helen Westcott (ed) Applying psychological science The OpenUniversityJournal article Paul Ekman and Maureen OSullivan (1991) Who Can bewilder A Liar Vol.46, no 9, pp.913-930